If you’re unable to work due to a serious health condition, you might be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. But qualifying isn’t as simple as having a medical issue. The Social Security Administration (SSA) has strict guidelines, and only certain conditions meet the criteria. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown to help you determine if you can receive SSDI benefits.
What Is SSDI and How Does It Work?
SSDI provides financial assistance to people who can no longer work because of long-term or permanent disabilities. To qualify, you must meet two key requirements:
- Work Credits: You need to have worked and paid into Social Security long enough to earn the required work credits. In most cases, you need 40 credits, with at least 20 earned in the past 10 years. For 2025, you earn one credit for every $1,640 in wages, up to 4 credits per year.
- Medical Condition: Your condition must be severe enough to prevent you from doing any substantial work and must be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. For 2025, substantial work means earning more than $1,470 per month ($2,460 if you are blind).
Does Your Condition Qualify?
The SSA uses a guide called the Blue Book to determine qualifying conditions. If your condition is listed, and you have the right medical evidence, your approval odds improve. Here are some common qualifying conditions:
- Back and Joint Disorders: Severe arthritis, herniated discs, spinal disorders
- Heart Issues: Heart failure, coronary artery disease
- Neurological Problems: Epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease
- Mental Health Disorders: Depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia
- Respiratory Conditions: Severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Cancers: Depending on the type and stage
Don’t see your condition listed? Don’t worry. You can still qualify if you prove that your condition limits your ability to work through an RFC (Residual Functional Capacity) evaluation. This evaluation assesses how your condition affects your ability to perform physical or mental tasks.
What Medical Evidence Do You Need?
To qualify for SSDI, you’ll need to provide thorough medical documentation that shows how your condition affects your daily life and ability to work. Key documents include:
- Medical records from doctors and specialists
- Imaging and lab test results (such as X-rays or MRIs)
- Progress notes and treatment history
- Doctor’s statements explaining your limitations
Make sure your medical documentation is current and detailed, as incomplete records are a common reason for denial.
How to Apply for SSDI
Applying for SSDI can be done online, over the phone, or in person at your local Social Security office. Once you submit your application, the process typically involves:
- Initial Review: The SSA will check if you meet the work credit and income requirements.
- Medical Review: They will review your medical evidence to determine if your condition qualifies.
- Decision: If approved, you’ll begin receiving benefits after a waiting period of five months. If denied, you can appeal the decision.
What If You’re Denied?
Many SSDI applications are denied initially, but that doesn’t mean you’re out of options. The SSA has an appeal process that includes:
- Reconsideration: Your application is reviewed again with any additional evidence you provide.
- Hearing: If denied again, you can request a hearing before an administrative law judge.
- Further Appeals: If necessary, you can appeal to the SSA Appeals Council or take your case to federal court.
It’s important to stay persistent and ensure you have strong medical evidence. Many applicants win their case during the appeals process.
Fast-Track Options for Severe Conditions
If you have a condition that’s considered extremely severe, you may qualify for expedited processing through the Compassionate Allowances Program. Conditions like ALS, certain cancers, and end-stage organ failure are often fast-tracked for approval.
Additionally, if your financial situation is dire, you may also qualify for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) alongside SSDI benefits.
