For many immigrants who move to the United States later in life, understanding Social Security benefits can be confusing. While these benefits are a crucial part of retirement income for millions, not everyone qualifies automatically. If you’re an immigrant over 65, here’s what you need to know about Social Security eligibility, retirement income, and healthcare options.
Do Immigrants Over 65 Qualify for Social Security?
To receive Social Security retirement benefits, you typically need to have worked in the U.S. for at least 10 years (or earned 40 work credits). Each year, you can earn up to four credits, and in 2024, you must make at least $1,730 per credit.
But what if you didn’t work in the U.S. long enough? You might still qualify! The U.S. has agreements with 30 countries, known as Totalization Agreements, which allow you to combine your work history from another country with your U.S. work history. This could help you meet the eligibility requirements for Social Security. Countries like Canada, the UK, Germany, and South Korea have these agreements in place, meaning you could receive benefits from both nations.
Can Immigrants Get Supplemental Security Income (SSI)?
For low-income individuals over 65 who don’t qualify for Social Security, there’s another option: Supplemental Security Income (SSI). This program provides financial assistance to people with limited income and resources.
However, not all immigrants qualify. You may be eligible if you are a:
- Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) with at least 40 work credits.
- Refugee, asylee, or humanitarian entrant, but only for the first seven years after receiving your status.
- U.S. military veteran or active-duty service member, or the spouse or child of one.
If you were already receiving SSI and living legally in the U.S. before August 22, 1996, you might also continue receiving benefits. But for many immigrants, citizenship is the key to long-term eligibility.
Medicare for Older Immigrants
Social Security benefits aren’t the only concern for immigrants over 65—healthcare is just as important. Medicare, the government health insurance program for seniors, requires at least 10 years of U.S. work history to qualify for premium-free Part A coverage (which covers hospital stays).
If you don’t have enough work history, you may still be able to buy Medicare Part A—but only if you’ve legally lived in the U.S. for at least five years. This can be costly, so planning ahead is crucial.
What If You Don’t Qualify for These Programs?
If you don’t meet the requirements for Social Security or Medicare, don’t worry—there are still options. Many states offer Medicaid, which provides free or low-cost healthcare for low-income individuals. Additionally, Medicare Savings Programs (MSPs) can help cover premiums and out-of-pocket costs for those who qualify.
Final Thoughts
Retirement in the U.S. can be complex for immigrants, but knowing your options can help you secure financial stability. If you’re over 65 and unsure about your eligibility for Social Security, SSI, or Medicare, it’s worth checking with the Social Security Administration or an immigration benefits expert. With the right information, you can make the best decisions for your future.
